High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Physical Function, Prevents Muscle Loss, and Modulates Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle of Cerebral Ischemic Mice

Figure 1

Establishment of the animal model of cerebral ischemia. (a) Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established under cerebral blood flow monitored by laser speckle blood flow meter. (b) Pseudocolor picture of cerebral blood flow before, during, and after MCAO. (c) Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining showed the infarct size after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. (d) Quantification of cerebral infarct volume of the ipsilateral brain between sham and MCAO groups (). (e) Quantification of cerebral blood flow in the ipsilateral hemisphere normalized to the contralateral hemisphere. (f) Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) of the sham-operated and ischemic mice (). (g) Experimental design of the study. Mice were subjected to MCAO after baseline assessments. Then, animals were randomly subdivided into sham, sedentary MCAO, moderate-intensity aerobic training (MOD), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) groups 1 week after MCAO. Following 3 weeks of isocaloric training sessions (MOD and HIIT) or sedentarism (sham and MCAO), all groups underwent posttraining assessments. Values are expressed as the of the mean. and as determined by unpaired -test.

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