IgG4 as a Biomarker in Graves’ Orbitopathy

Table 2

Summary of clinical studies on the role of IgG4 in Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Orbitopathy.

Study author, year of publication

Prevalence of elevated IgG4 in GD patients overall

Prevalence of elevated IgG4 in GD patients without GO

Prevalence of elevated IgG4 in GO patients

Prevalence of GO in the GD group with elevated IgG4

Age in the nonelevated IgG4 group ()

Age in the elevated IgG4 group ()

Sex distribution in the nonelevated IgG4 group (M/F ())

Sex distribution in the elevated IgG4 group (M/F ())

Average IgG4 levels in the nonelevated IgG4 group (mg/dl)

Average IgG4 levels in the elevated IgG4 group (mg/dl)

Criteria used to define elevated IgG4

IgG4/IgG ratio in the nonelevated IgG4 group (%)

IgG4/IgG ratio in the elevated IgG4 group ()

Takeshima et al. 2014 [74]

7/109 (6.4%)

4/80 (5%)

3/29 (10.3%)

3/7 (42.3%)

14/88 (15.9%)

1/6 (14.2%)

>135 mg/d

Bozkirli et al. 2015 [89]

15/65 (23%)

3/33 (9.1%)

12/32 (37.5%)

12/15 (80%)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

>135 mg/d

n.a.

n.a.

Sy and Silkiss 2016 [90]

n.a.

n.a.

2/24 (8.3%)

n.a.

5/22 (22.7%)

0/2 (0%)

>135 mg/dl

Torimoto et al. 2017 [91]

5/72 (6.9%)

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

16/67 (23.9%)

4/1 (80%)

>135 mg/dl

Martin et al. 2017 [92]

8/80 (10%)

5/51 (9.8%)

3/29 (10.3%)

3/8 (37.5%)

12/72 (16.7%)

3/8 (37.5%)

>90th percentile

n.a.

n.a.

Yu et al. 2017 [76]

6/64 (9.4%)

0/58 (0%)

6/22 (27.7%)

6/6 (100%)

16/62 (25.8)

2/6 (33.3%)

>86.4 mg/dl

Hiratsuka et al. 2020 [93]

2/28 (7.1%)

n.a.

n.a.

1/2 (50%)

66 and 70

5/23 (17.8%)

0/2 (0%)

n.a.

163.5 and 214.4

>135 mg/dl

n.a.

15 and 14.8

Luo et al. 2020 [75]

n.a.

n.a.

8/57 (14%)

n.a.

19/39 (38.78%)

1/6 (16.67%)

>135 mg/dl

n.a.

Summary

43/418 (10.3%)

12/222 (5.4%)

34/193 (17.6%)

25/38 (65.7%)

—

—

87/373 (18.9%)

11/31 (26.2%)

—

—

—

—

—

Studies that assessed only the role of IgG4 in GO. n.a.: data not available; SD: standard deviation.