Glutamine Administration Attenuates Kidney Inflammation in Obese Mice Complicated with Polymicrobial Sepsis

Figure 2

Messenger (m)RNA expressions of high-mobility group box protein-1 pathway-associated genes and subsequent inflammatory cytokines in kidney tissues. NC: normal control; SS: sepsis group with saline; SG: sepsis group with glutamine; HMGB-1: high-mobility group box protein-1; TLR4: toll-like receptor-4; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6: interleukin-6. mRNA changes were quantitated and analyzed by a real-time PCR and were calculated by the comparative CT (2^-ΔΔCt) method. mRNA expression levels in the normal control group were used as a calibrator. Values are expressed as the . for each group at 12, 24, and 48 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Differences between 2 sepsis groups at the same time point were analyzed by -test. The comparison among NC and the sepsis groups at three different time points were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Significantly differs from the NC group; ^#significantly differs from the SS group at the same time point ().