Particulate Matter-Induced Acute Coronary Syndrome: MicroRNAs as Microregulators for Inflammatory Factors

Figure 2

The mode of action of PM in inducing ACS. The PM stimulates the production cardiac inflammatory mediators that might lead to ACS. 3-NT = nitration marker; ACS = acute coronary syndrome; CCXL2 = chemokine genes; CD14 = differentiation antigen 14; CD14+ = cluster of differentiation 14 (monocyte differentiation antigen); CD16+ = cluster of differentiation 16 (monocyte differentiation antigen); CD4+ = cluster of differentiation 4 (monocyte differentiation antigen); CD8+ = cluster of differentiation 8 (monocyte differentiation antigen); COX = cyclooxygenase; CRP = C-reactive protein; EDN1 = endothelin 1 (protein-coding gene); EPGN = epithelial mitogen (protein-coding gene); EREG = epiregulin (protein-coding gene); F3 = coagulation factor III, tissue factor (protein-coding gene); FOSL1 = FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (protein-coding gene); GREM1 = gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist (protein-coding gene); HES1 = Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1 (protein-coding gene); hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ICAM-1 = intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IFN-γ = interferon gamma; IL-1 = interleukin-1; IL-10 = interleukin-10; IL-12 = interleukin-12; IL-1α = interleukin-1α; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; IL-24 = interleukin-24; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IL-8 = interleukin-8; MAFF = MAF BZIP transcription factor F (protein-coding gene); MCP-1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MIP-1α/β = macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha/beta; NFE2L2 = nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (protein-coding gene); NF-κB = nuclear factor kappa B; p47phox = neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 protein, encoded by NCF1; PM = particulate matter; TGIF1 = TG-interacting factor 1; TLR2 = toll-like receptor 2; TLR4 = toll-like receptor 4; TLR4 = toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α = tumour necrosis factor-α; TRAF6 = TNF receptor-associated factor 6; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.