Metformin and Probiotics Interplay in Amelioration of Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in an In Vitro and In Vivo Model of Hepatic Injury

Figure 11

Effect of probiotic V or Met alone or in combination on ethanol-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The inflammatory gene levels in the male Wistar rat liver are (a) CYP2E1, (b) TLR-4, (c) TNF-α, (d) IL-6, (e) HO-1, (f) Nrf-2, and (g) IL-10. Ethanol-fed rats were also treated with probiotic V (10⁸ CFU/day) and Met (75 mg/kg) alone or together in combination for 25 days. At the end of the feeding protocol, liver tissue was collected, RNA was isolated, and qRT-PCR was performed to quantify the relative mRNA expression levels of the genes. Values are expressed as of six rats. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Statistical analysis: ^# and ^#### compared with control group; , , , and compared with ethanol group; ^A,B, ^AA,BB, ^AAA,BBB, and ^AAAA,BBBB compared with probiotic V and Met combinatorial group.

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