Metformin and Probiotics Interplay in Amelioration of Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in an In Vitro and In Vivo Model of Hepatic Injury

Figure 13

Microscopic images of RAW 264.7 cells treated with (a) control, (b) 100 mM ethanol control, (c) 100 mM ethanol+1 mM Met, (d) 100 mM ethanol+10 μl/ml probiotic V, and (e) 100 mM ethanol+10 μl/ml probiotic V and 1 mM Met combination. The above figures are representative of 10x objective images of three different experiments. RAW 264.7 cells treated with ethanol alone or along with probiotic V and Met alone or in combination for 48 h. Ethanol-exposed RAW 264.7 cells showed increased cellular distortion. Co-treatment of ethanol with probiotic V and Met in combination showed improved cellular integrity with round-shaped morphology, similar to the control cells as compared to the ethanol-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. However, differences were also observed between the individual treatment of either probiotic V and Met alone when compared with the combination treatment (i.e., probiotic V and Met).

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