Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Profiles in Sepsis Patients Reveals That Extracellular Histones Are Strongly Elevated in Nonsurvivors
Table 5
Biomarker profiles in sepsis patients at baseline and after 48 h for EMiC2 and AV1000S.
Parameter
0 h
48 h
EMiC2 ()
AV1000S ()
EMiC2 ()
AV1000S ()
Inflammatory mediators
IL-1β
(pg/ml)
5.92 (1.66-9.21)
8.80 (5.60-21.21)
4.12 (81.15-5.64)
4.12 (2.05-8.43)
IL-1ra
(pg/ml)
301.44 (112.64-1,082.40)
962.12 (422.33-2,706.33)
259.44 (168.56-383.78)
294.44 (142.33-533.06)
IL-2
(pg/ml)
1.12 (1.12-14.36)
16.88 (1.12-34.91)
1.12 (1.12-1.87)
1.12 (1.12-14.94)
IL-4
(pg/ml)
5.56 (2.53-8.25)
7.58 (5.21-10.62)
4.32 (0.81-5.56)
4.46 (1.72-6.87)
IL-5
(pg/ml)
17.48 (13.25-29.07)
23.22 (15.11-36.60)
16.40 (5.32-25.88)
15.30 (3.02-34.37)
IL-6
(pg/ml)
108.76 (43.38-693.86)
372.14 (256.94-8,914.32)
63.94 (25.22-279.45)
148.04 (36.39-476.18)
IL-7
(pg/ml)
7.12 (3.49-22.74)
10.14 (5.47-25.29)
10.14 (2.56-17.51)
7.04 (2.38-26.49)
IL-8
(pg/ml)
70.06 (35.18-128.29)
181.50 (71.64-309.90)
47.10 (35.52-60.96)
54.66 (45.07-79.99)
IL-9
(pg/ml)
10.58 (5.11-21.22)
24.50 (9.28-40.76)
10.76 (3.67-14.46)
21.60 (4.84-50.33)
IL-10
(pg/ml)
10.76 (3.12-60.99)
44.94 (15.64-90.29)
11.76 (2.70-19.45)
22.58 (2.15-40.24)
IL-12
(pg/ml)
12.90 (5.59-46.92)
24.70 (17.40-45.64)
14.40 (3.67-34.50)
16.82 (4.85-53.85)
IL-13
(pg/ml)
4.58 (0.49-10.39)
7.48 (2.32-13.69)
2.90 (0.49-11.07)
5.34 (0.49-11.41)
IL-15
(pg/ml)
2.18 (1.36-42.09)
30.52 (11.05-69.96)
2.20 (1.36-6.54)
14.92 (1.36-36.92)
IL-17
(pg/ml)
21.98 (1.76-59.59)
61.36 (33.91-95.71)
20.96 (2.29-44.40)
16.22 (5.30-56.03)
IFN-γ
(pg/ml)
141.98 (52.02-236.75)
235.00 (132.64-367.44)
106.74 (11.40-175.60)
111.46 (31.02-246.25)
TNF-α
(pg/ml)
67.24 (21.35-127.49)
130.36 (66.29-258.62)
40.10 (10.36-69.18)
47.90 (28.27-121.97)
CRP
(mg/l)
182.75 (152.39-309.13)
225.20 (170.16-279.81)
194.59 (122.48-259.60)
211.55 (143.30-266.25)
PCT
(ng/ml)
2.64 (0.63-4.19)
3.14 (1.22-5.84)
1.26 (0.50-2.63)
1.86 (0.50-4.55)
LBP
(μg/ml)
111.70 (71.10-178.66)
117.53 (77.75-175.31)
94.64 (67.16-178.19)
98.13 (59.89-109.24)
sCD14
(ng/ml)
3,141.50 (2,652.75-3,596.50)
3,256.50 (2,741.00-4,153.75)
2,835.50 (2,460.75-3,211.00)
2,812.00 (2,103.25-3,926.25)
sST2
(ng/ml)
311.56 (137.45-501.29)
460.20 (291.00-616.22)
Gas6
(ng/ml)
49.82 (30.53-56.13)
41.37 (37.88-51.81)
39.73 (34.45-53.00)
37.83 (30.14-55.57)
Chemokines
MCP-1
(pg/ml)
77.84 (18.58-196.61)
217.92 (58.49-452.11)
30.30 (20.34-65.31)
98.76 (43.46-169.94)
MIP-1α
(pg/ml)
7.40 (3.60-13.36)
9.76 (7.45-12.92)
5.72 (0.06-8.84)
6.44 (1.34-10.68)
MIP-1β
(pg/ml)
113.96 (86.25-136.21)
140.10 (99.45-250.56)
87.68 (66.20-118.70)
87.80 (69.61-206.18)
RANTES
(pg/ml)
1,761.46 (358.78-2,779.92)
2,034.30 (1,120.56-4,104.55)
928.68 (436.46-2,185.56)
1,158.44 (408.50-3,027.76)
Eotaxin
(pg/ml)
70.56 (49.43-105.12)
101.08 (76.99-190.60)
50.36 (45.00-69.06)
68.12 (36.38-97.11)
IP-10
(pg/ml)
1,256.80 (863.08-2,267.60)
1,572.08 (698.69-3,027.45)
1,230.46 (602.92-2,062.71)
853.12 (530.21-2,442.66)
Growth factors
G-CSF
(pg/ml)
96.38 (37.36-441.77)
185.96 (150.13-645.11)
94.88 (72.43-136.79)
109.36 (75.29-137.63)
GM-CSF
(pg/ml)
16.54 (0.78-95.23)
83.54 (31.07-159.81)
8.32 (0.78-27.19)
28.84 (4.77-74.65)
FGF
(pg/ml)
61.88 (21.93-107.02)
93.12 (66.33-119.76)
49.48 (5.12-82.51)
51.00 (4.09-95.82)
PDGF
(pg/ml)
91.70 (45.13-187.68)
152.26 (83.73-266.76)
59.62 (29.91-98.59)
63.66 (15.67-146.77)
VEGF
(pg/ml)
9.84 (1.80-51.50)
44.02 (18.84-61.46)
7.48 (1.80-22.88)
20.36 (4.92-36.96)
Endothelial activation markers
ESM-1
(ng/ml)
4.76 (3.75-7.90)
7.24 (4.11-21.60)
5.86 (2.81-12.89)
16.39 (4.69-44.79)
Ang-1
(ng/ml)
0.56 (0.29-1.02)
0.73 (0.50-1.31)
0.36 (0.14-0.77)
0.62 (0.14-1.26)
Ang-2
(ng/ml)
15.21 (6.42-27.03)
13.03 (8.93-56.98)
10.42 (8.06-18.55)
10.09 (7.96-18.37)
Ang-2/Ang-1
27.98 (10.92-45.96)
19.10 (8.47-128.80)
37.85 (9.75-133.65)
37.87 (7.01-110.56)
Damage-associated molecular patterns
ecDNA
(ng/ml)
441.78 (244.90-690.28)a
657.27 (397.96-1,542.62)
Histones
(mg/ml)
0.60 (0.46-22.29)a
7.47 (0.40-79.90)
HMGB-1
(ng/ml)
2.99 (2.55-6.63)a
4.53 (2.89-12.53)b
2.99 (2.50-4.56)b,
5.13 (3.26-9.16)c
Coagulation-related parameters
TF
(pg/ml)
71.12 (42.24-108.66)
65.90 (50.96-79.93)
TF activity
(pM)
46.73 (23.69-66.11)
33.10 (24.63-45.34)
Others
Cystatin C
(μg/ml)
3.26 (2.60-4.00)
3.91 (3.61-4.20)
2.68 (2.52-3.21)
3.46 (3.03-3.86)
Albumin
(g/dl)
3.42 (2.50-3.86)
3.35 (2.89-3.77)
3.55 (3.11-3.88)
3.13 (2.69-3.34)
Data are represented as median (25th-75th quartile). a;b;c. Differences in inflammatory mediator concentrations between filter groups at baseline and after 48 h were analyzed by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test ().
