Hyperglycemia and Correlated High Levels of Inflammation Have a Positive Relationship with the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Table 1
Demographics and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients on admission to hospital.
Normal range
All patients ()
General group (n=329)
Severe group ()
Critical group ()
BMI
23.40 (22.03-25.20)
23.38 (22.45-25.20)
22.48 (21.50-25.25)
23.42 (20.69-25.13)
WBC, ×109/L
3.5-9.5
5.81 (4.50-7.80)
5.48 (4.20-6.96)
5.70 (4.61-8.85)
9.20 (6.59-14.10)††
<4
··
76 (16.5%)
64 (19.5%)
8 (14.0%)
4 (5.3%)
4–10
··
328 (71.1%)
253 (76.9%)
39 (68.4%)
36 (48.0%)
>10
··
57 (12.4%)
12 (3.6%)
10 (17.5%)
35 (46.7%)
NEU, ×109/L
1.8-6.3
3.98 (2.82-5.82)
3.64 (2.61-4.87)
4.11 (3.11-6.15)
8.18 (5.27-12.86)††
LYM, ×109/L
1.1-3.2
1.11 (0.75-1.50)
1.21 (0.90-1.66)
1.05 (0.75-1.33)
0.57 (0.36-0.85)††
<1.0
··
195 (42.3%)
105 (31.9%)
27 (47.4%)
63 (84.0%)
≥1.0
··
266 (57.7%)
224 (68.1%)
30 (52.6%)
12 (16.0%)
PLT, ×109/L
125-350
218.5 (155.3-299.3)
226.5 (170.0-307.0)
229.0 (162.0-326.5)
164.0 (92.0-231.0)
NLR
NA
3.34 (2.06-6.41)
2.88 (1.85-4.42)
3.99 (2.43-6.29)
15.20 (8.08-28.57)††
PLR
NA
196.2 (142.3-295.5)
186.4 (141.1-267.1)
227.2 (142.9-314.4)
293.8 (155.2-430.0)
PT, s
9.2-15
11.80 (10.80-13.10)
11.50 (10.70-12.60)
11.70 (10.50-13.90)
14.43 (12.48-16.33)††
D-D, mg/L
0-0.55
0.95 (0.47-3.39)
0.72 (0.39-1.76)
1.70 (0.78-6.16)
3.17 (0.97-7.25)
Mean BG, mmol/L
3.9-6.1
5.92 (5.00-7.90)
5.70 (4.90-6.95)
6.63 (5.04-8.68)
8.10 (6.25-10.60)††
Normoglycemia
··
334/448 (74.6%)
262/317 (82.6%)
36/56 (64.3%)
36/75 (48.0%)
Hyperglycemia
··
114/448 (25.4%)
55/317 (17.4%)
20/56 (35.7%)
39/75 (52.0%)
HbA1c, %
6.00 (5.80-6.50)
6.00 (5.90-6.60)
5.90 (5.65-6.35)
5.60 (5.60-8.01)
Alb, g/L
40-55
33.70 (30.45-36.70)
34.30 (30.95-37.35)
33.20 (30.60-35.90)
30.70 (28.20-35.00)††
Cr, μmol/L
57-97
67.00 (56.30-80.80)
65.90 (56.23-78.35)
65.20 (52.50-82.13)
74.20 (56.80-103.70)†
PCT, ng/mL
<0.05
0.10 (0.05-0.22)
0.06 (0.05-0.13)
0.06 (0.03-0.12)
0.24 (0.11-0.60)††
CRP, mg/L
0-4
18.30 (3.51-67.75)
13.69 (2.48-48.30)
14.81 (3.65-59.52)
93.40 (39.42-159.10)††
ESR, mm/h
0-20
40.0 (21.9-61.9)
40.0 (19.4-61.0)
31.0 (14.8-63.0)
44.0 (39.0-92.0)†
Note: Data represent the median (IQR), (%) or (%), where is the total number of patients with available data. values were determined using a test or the Mann–Whitney test. NA, not applicable. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; WBC: white blood cell count; NEU: neutrophil count; LYM: lymphocyte count; PLT: platelet count; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet to lymphocyte ratio; PT: prothrombin time; D-D: D-dimer; BG: blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; Alb: albumin; Cr: creatinine; PCT: procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate. ;, vs. the general group. †; ††, vs. the severe group.
