Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Hyperglycemia and Correlated High Levels of Inflammation Have a Positive Relationship with the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients grouped by comorbid diabetes status.


	Nondiabetic group ()			Diabetic group ()
	Nondiabetics ()	Normoglycemia ()	Hyperglycemia ()	Diabetics ()	Normoglycemia ()	Hyperglycemia ()

Age, years	63.0 (53.0-69.0)	62.0 (52.0-69.0)	63.5 (55.0-70.0)	64.0 (54.0-70.0)	64.0 (61.0-72.0)	63.5 (55.0-70.0)
Male, %	50.5	50.8	52.1	56.8	44.4	61.8
BMI	23.40 (22.20-25.20)	23.58 (22.60-25.20)	23.49 (20.70-25.00)	23.23 (21.65-25.20)	22.68 (22.03-25.20)	24.80 (21.50-25.20)
Duration of hospitalization, days	12.00 (10.00-14.00)	12.00 (10.00-13.00)	13.50 (10.00-17.250)	16.00 (14.00-18.00)	14.00 (12.00-15.00)	16.00 (15.00-18.89)‡‡
Severity
General	273 (74.6%)	244 (79.5%)	19 (41.3%)††	56 (58.9%)	18 (66.7%)	38 (55.9%)
Severe and critical	93 (25.4%)	63 (20.5%)	27 (58.7%)	39 (41.1%)	9 (33.3%)	30 (44.1%)
WBC, ×10⁹/L	5.58 (4.39-7.50)	5.50 (4.40-7.18)	6.80 (4.90-13.07)††	6.59 (4.80-9.00)	5.60 (4.61-7.81)	6.80 (5.00-10.43)‡
NEU, ×10⁹/L	3.85 (2.78-5.51)	3.71 (2.76-5.02)	5.49 (3.52-11.75)††	4.78 (3.21-6.95)	3.74 (3.10-5.57)	5.12 (3.34-8.07)‡‡
LYM, ×10⁹/L	1.13 (0.77-1.50)	1.15 (0.81-1.51)	0.82 (0.39-1.16)††	1.05 (0.67-1.57)	1.26 (0.69-1.84)	0.94 (0.65-1.32)‡
PLT, ×10⁹/L	220.0 (159.5-306.0)	223.0 (165.0-307.0)	191.0 (100.0-276.3)†	209.0 (148.0-280.0)	219.0 (139.0-256.0)	208.5 (148.3-289.0)
NLR	3.22 (2.00-5.90)	3.02 (1.95-4.93)	8.54 (3.56-18.67)††	4.39 (2.47-10.01)	2.79 (1.73-5.61)	5.04 (2.84-12.62)‡
PLR	199.1 (146.3-293.5)	196.2 (145.7-283.6)	231.1 (154.2-392.7)	189.9 (131.3-309.1)	142.7 (112.9-234.9)	198.4 (148.0-325.7)‡
Mean BG, mmol/L	5.54 (4.90-6.65)	5.35 (4.82-6.10)	9.09 (8.30-11.50)††	9.19 (7.69-12.30)	6.80 (6.30-7.24)	10.65 (8.73-13.81)‡‡
HbA1c, %	6.00 (5.70-6.40)	6.00 (5.70-6.40)	5.90 (5.60-6.32)	6.05 (5.80-8.35)	6.00 (5.80-6.30)	7.23 (5.75-9.14)
PCT, ng/mL	0.08 (0.05-0.21)	0.07 (0.05-0.18)	0.16 (0.07-0.38)††	0.13 (0.05-0.34)	0.06 (0.03-0.12)	0.18 (0.06-0.43)‡
CRP, mg/L	16.05 (3.17-64.00)	13.45 (2.80-51.98)	52.37 (18.06-135.96)††	32.20 (8.36-101.78)	27.33 (3.39-55.60)	46.94 (9.46-137.44)
ESR, mm/h	37.5 (19.0-61.5)	37.0 (18.4-60.9)	39.0 (25.0-108.8)	48.3 (38.0-64.1)	39.2 (21.0-60.0)	49.3 (39.0-75.3)

Note: Data represent the median (IQR) or (%). values were determined using a test or the Mann–Whitney test. NA, not applicable. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; BMI: body mass index; WBC: white blood cell count; NEU: neutrophil count; LYM: lymphocyte count; PLT: platelet count; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet to lymphocyte ratio; BG: blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; PCT: procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate. ; , vs. nondiabetic patients. †; ††, vs. the nondiabetic group, normoglycemia. ‡; ‡‡, vs. the diabetic group, normoglycemia.