Emodin Ameliorates Intestinal Dysfunction by Maintaining Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Modulating the Microbiota in Septic Mice

Figure 5

Role of JNK2 in emodin exhibited activities. (a) Cytokine microarray was employed for the detection of inflammatory cytokines. Fold changes of LPS group were indicated in the heat map, and differences between mean values were assessed. indicates significant difference compared with LPS group. (b) Proteins’ phosphorylation was examined using a customized phosphorylation microarray. Fold changes of LPS group were indicated in the heat map, and differences between mean values were assessed by modulated t-statistics. indicates significant difference compared between WT and JNK2 overexpressed cells. (c) WT cells or JNK2 overexpression cells were challenged, and samples of each group were obtained to detect the expression of pJNK2, pAP-1, pp65, and ZO-1 by western blot. (d) WT cells or JNK2 overexpression cells were challenged, and samples of each group were obtained for ELISA detection. Data represent the of three independent experiments, and differences between mean values were assessed by one-way ANOVA. , , , and indicate significant differences compared with LPS group. (e) Detection of mitochondrial membrane potential by JC-1 staining. Cells were treated as indicated. The double staining of cells by JC-1 is visible either as green for JC1 monomers (Mon) or red for J-aggregates (Agg).

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