Research Article

Liposome-Encapsulated Bioactive Guttiferone E Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated MH-S Macrophages and Cytotoxicity against Human Cancer Cells

Figure 5

Effect of the guttiferone E-loaded liposomes on the nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated macrophages compared to free GE. MH-S cells were incubated with the indicated concentrations of guttiferone E and guttiferone E-loaded liposomes, for 24 h in the presence (+) or absence (-) of LPS; then, from the supernatant, NO was detected and analyzed using the Griess reagent. Curcumin (Cur) at 5 μg/mL was used as a positive control and unloaded liposomes as a vehicle control at 20 μg/mL. Data are the mean from three independent experiments. Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test using two-way ANOVA was performed: , , and for free guttiferone E versus guttiferone E-loaded liposomes.