Heparin-Binding Protein in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid as a Biomarker for Discriminating Severe Bacterial and Viral Pneumonia in Critically Ill Children
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population.
Characteristic
Bacterial pneumonia ()
Viral pneumonia ()
value
Age, months
9.50 (1.00–192.00)
11.00 (1.00–159.00)
0.790
Male, (%)
93 (73.80)
35 (63.60)
0.167
Mechanical ventilation, (%)
25 (19.8)
10 (18.2)
0.795
Sepsis at enrollment, (%)
6 (4.8)
2 (3.6)
0.735
Respiratory failure at enrollment, (%)
104 (82.5)
45 (81.8)
0.907
ICU hospitalization days
7.00 (5.00–10.00)
8.00 (6.00–10.00)
0.485
ICU mortality, (%)
3 (2.4)
1 (1.8)
0.802
Laboratory data (blood)
HBP, ng/mL
116.94 (38.97–195.61)
23.81 (15.46–35.53)
<0.001
CRP, mg/L
2.77 (0.50–12.66)
1.14 (0.50–8.00)
0.077
IL-6, pg/mL
10.46 (5.50–24.37)
7.95 (3.12–22.04)
0.061
PCT, ng/mL
0.15 (0.08–0.41)
0.11 (0.06–0.21)
0.035
WBC, 109/L
8.87 (6.31–12.59)
9.28 (6.50–13.04)
0.888
N%
59.70 (41.68–73.23)
47.50 (28.80–64.80)
0.010
Laboratory data (BALF)
HBP, ng/mL
337.63 (183.81–698.20)
17.07 (8.36–33.84)
<0.001
IL-6, pg/mL
65.76 (24.25–170.20)
13.88 (4.99–34.15)
<0.001
N%
86.00 (79.75–92.00)
38.00 (25.00–64.00)
<0.001
Data were expressed as numbers and percentages (%) for enumeration data or medians (interquartile ranges) for measurement data except for age, which was presented as median and range from minimum to maximum. ICU: intensive care unit; HBP: heparin-binding protein; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; PCT: procalcitonin; WBC: white blood cell count; N%: neutrophil percentage; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
