The Dopamine D1 Receptor Attenuates Titanium Particle-Induced Inhibition of Osteogenesis by Activating the Wnt Signaling Pathway

Scheme 1

D1R activation alleviates the osteogenic inhibition caused by wear granules on the mouse skull and alleviates the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation induced by titanium granules. D1R activation can promote the expression of the osteoblast-related proteins ALP, OSX, and Runx2 by activating the Wnt pathway and abrogate the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation induced by titanium particles.