Effects of Ferroptosis on Cardiovascular Diseases

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the mechanism of ferroptosis. Dysfunction of PUFA, Fe2+, and GPX4 is the key factor in iron death. An increase in free iron and a decrease in GPX4 will induce iron death through lipid peroxidation. Glu: glutamate; Cys: cysteine; GGC: gamma-glutamylcysteine; GSH: glutathione; GPX4: glutathione peroxidase 4; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; Nrf2: nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2; ACSL4: acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; PL-PUFA(PE): phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; PL-PUFA(PE)-OOH: phospholipid hydroperoxide containing polyunsaturated fatty acid; TF: transferrin; TfR1: transferrin receptor 1; STEAP3: six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3; DMT1: divalent metal-ion transporter-1; Lip: labile iron pool; Fer-1: ferrostatin-1; Lip-1: liproxstatin-1; and RSL3: RAS- selective lethal 3.