The Role of Macrophage Autophagy in Asthma: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy

Figure 2

Mechanisms of macrophage autophagy in asthma. Signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TLR4/NF-κB, and AMPK are involved in the regulation of macrophage autophagy in asthma. AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; PI3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; ATG: autophagy-related gene; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TLR, toll-like receptor; LC3: microtubule associated protein light chain 3; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; VPS15: vacuolar protein sorting 15; WIPI2: WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein; TSLP: lymphopoietin.