Liraglutide Attenuates Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Figure 2

Effects of liraglutide on hepatocyte apoptosis in DM mice. (a) Relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in liver tissues was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. (b, c) Representative Western blot images and densitometry measurements of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expressions in liver tissues. (d) Representative immunofluorescence images of TUNEL-stained liver tissue sections. (e) Percentage of TUNEL-positive cells. Data are expressed as (/group); was defined as statistically significant. Scale bar is 200 μm in the images. DM: saline-treated type 1 diabetes group; DMI: insulin treatment group; DML: liraglutide treatment group; DMIL: insulin+liraglutide treatment group; NC: normal glucose tolerance group; : compared to NC; #: compared to DM; †: compared to DMI; ‡: compared to DML; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- (TdT-) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling.

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