Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratio as an Early Sepsis Biomarker for Neonates with Suspected Sepsis

Table 1

Basic characteristics of study subjects by groups.

Variables	Control ()	Sepsis ()		Sepsis		^#
				Mild sepsis ()	Severe sepsis ()
Age (days)	7.0 (4.0, 12.0)	10.0 (5.0, 17.0)	<0.001	5.0 11.0, 18.0)	10.0 (5.0, 16.0)	0.305
Male, (%)	252 (56.0%)	497 (60.7%)	0.105	222 (59.8%)	275 (6.4%)	0.242
Weight (kg)			0.027			<0.001
Temperature (°C)			<0.001			0.429
Respiratory (rate/minute)			<0.001			0.336
Heart rate (bpm)			<0.001			0.047
SBP (mm, Hg)			0.508			<0.001
DBP (mm, Hg)			0.289			<0.001
PCT (ng/mL)	0.14 (0.10, 0.25)	0.32 (0.14, 1.53)	<0.001	0.23 (0.11, 0.81)	0.43 (0.16, 2.39)	<0.001
CRP (mg/L)	0.7 (0.7, 0.7)	0.7 (0.7, 15.3)	<0.001	0.7 (0.7, 11.1)	0.7 (0.7, 17.7)	0.064
ALB (g/L)			<0.001			<0.001
ALT (U/L)	25.7 (20.1, 33.5)	28.2 (21.3, 37.4)	<0.001	28.1 (21.1, 35.8)	28.5 (21.6, 39.9)	0.088
AST (U/L)	38.1 (30.3, 51.3)	37.7 (27.7, 54.5)	0.372	36.1 (27.4, 48.6)	39.2 (28.2, 63.3)	0.003
WBC (×10^9 cells/L)	10.03 (8.09, 12.54)	10.13 (7.39, 14.65)	0.370	9.84 (7.66, 13.37)	10.52 (6.96, 15.72)	0.244
Neutrophil (×10^9 cells/L)	4.24 (3.17, 6.25)	5.30 (3.16, 8.71)	<0.001	4.80 (3.21, 8.11)	5.70 (3.13, 9.52)	0.091
Lymphocyte (×10^9 cells/L)	3.98 (2.95, 5.25)	3.39 (2.10, 4.75)	<0.001	3.47 (2.34, 4.62)	3.30 (1.87, 4.90)	0.157
LCR	5.34 (3.38, 7.25)	2.61 (0.20, 5.71)	<0.001	3.32 (0.24, 6.04)	2.26 (0.14, 5.30)	0.031
Length of hospital stay (days)	9.0 (8.0, 11.0)	15.0 (10.0, 23.0)	<0.001	13.0 (9.0, 18.0)	18.0 (12.0, 26.0)	<0.001

Notes: all values are presented as the or (%) or as the median (interquartile range). value among the control and sepsis groups. ^# value among the control, mild, and severe sepsis groups. Abbreviations: SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PCT: procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; ALB: albumin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; WBC: white blood cell; LCR: lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio.