With an aging society, neurological diseases are gradually becoming the most important challenge for the whole of society. It has been well established that inflammation mediators play a vital role in various critical illnesses, including various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and brain injury. Therefore, it is important to clarify the exact role of various inflammation mediators in different types of neurological diseases, especially in various kinds of diseases with cognitive dysfunction.

However, the research on this process is still not sufficient. A thorough clarification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation mediators in neurological diseases is an essential endeavor in the search for new therapeutic targets to treat these critical diseases.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research and review articles on this topic. We also welcome clinical studies investigating the mechanisms of various novel therapies for neurological diseases. In this Special Issue, we focus on the role and mechanisms of inflammation mediators in neurological diseases to provide evidence that inflammation mediators might be promising therapeutic targets for such diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Inflammation and cognitive function
• Inflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders
• Inflammation and peripheral neuropathy
• Inflammation mediators in cerebral vascular diseases
• Inflammation mediators in neurodegenerative diseases
• Inflammation mediators in brain tumors
• Inflammation mediators in brain injury
• Inflammation mediators in spinal cord injury
• Molecular mechanisms of complementary and alternative medicine interventions (e.g., massage, cupping, Chinese medicine herbs, etc.) for neurological disease via regulating mediators of inflammation
• Molecular mechanisms of rehabilitation medicine interventions (e.g., transcranial electric stimulation (TES), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), etc.) for neurological disease via regulating mediators of inflammation