Chronic nonresolving inflammation is a critical condition found in several highly incident diseases such as obesity, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Despite major implication in disease, the mechanisms underlying the development and failure to resolve such chronic inflammation are still not completely elucidated. Several lines of evidence indicate the existence of a complex interrelationship between inflammatory processes and metabolism. In this sense, changes in metabolism as those found upon overnutrition among other situations were demonstrated to modulate leukocyte function and induce inflammatory processes. Indeed, changes in the activity of the nutrient sensors mTOR and PPARs, for example, are associated with important alterations in inflammatory processes. Conversely, inflammation and inflammatory mediators are associated with major changes in cell and tissue metabolism. For instance, chronic inflammation is associated with an impairment of insulin stimulating glucose uptake and inhibition of lipolysis, in addition to the cross talk between metabolic organs, such as liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and gastrointestinal tract with immune cells.

In this special issue, we invite investigators to contribute original research and review articles that address the complex interrelationships between immune system and metabolism. We are particularly interested in articles describing novel mechanisms of interaction between nutrients and metabolites, immune function and inflammation, and possible strategies to prevent or treat metabolic diseases.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Cell nutrient and energy sensors (G protein-coupled receptors, mTOR, PPARs, AMPK, etc.) as regulators of leukocyte function, immune responses, and inflammation
• Microbiome and therapies associated with pre- and probiotics in metabolic diseases
• Modulation of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism by inflammatory mediators
• Metabolomics and lipidomics of cells and tissue upon inflammatory conditions