Review Article

Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery in Humans: A Review

Table 1

Published NOTES studies in human populations between 2007 and 2011, grouped by procedure.

ProcedureYearRouteN (range and total)Complication rate (Range)

Cholecystectomy [16, 17, 21, 23, 4966]2007–2011TV1–240
Total = 612
1.5%–25% (Abscess, hematuria, subhepatic collection, sepsis, hematoma, laceration, perforation, biliary leakage)

Cholecystectomy [23, 62, 6769] 2009-2010TG4–29
Total = 70
18% (sepsis, hematoma, laceration, perforation, biliary leakage)

Peritoneoscopy [19, 20, 31, 45, 70]2007, 2008, 2010, 2011TG1–40
Total = 79
12.5% (infection, bleeding, wound dehiscence)

Peritoneoscopy [21, 32]2008, 2011TV1-2
Total = 3
0%

Appendectomy [18, 34]2008–2011TV1–37
Total = 42
0%

Appendectomy [23, 60, 71]2009-2010TG1–14
Total = 18
33.3% (pneumothorax)

Gastrectomy (partial) [9, 23, 33, 37, 42]2011TG140%

Gastrectomy [23, 33, 37, 42]2008–2010TVSleeve = 1–5
Partial = 2
Total = 12
0%

Nephrectomy [23, 40, 41]2009-2010TV1–5
Total = 10
0%

Colectomy [35, 36, 38]2008–2010TV1–12
Total = 16
0%

Gastric mass resection [22]2011TG70%
No recurrence to date

Gastric banding [72]2010TV333.3% (ureter damage)

Cancer staging [23]2010TV8

Stapled cystogastrostomy [44]2011TG60%

Gynecologic surgery [23]2010TV11

Splenectomy [39]2009TV10%

Incisional hernia repair [43]2010TV10%

Hepatic cystectomy [23]2010TV1

PEG rescue [31]2007TG10%

Liver, ovary biopsy [32]2008TV10%

TV: transvaginal, TG: transgastric.