Prospective Observational Study of Single-Site Multiport Per-umbilical Laparoscopic Endosurgery versus Conventional Multiport Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Critical Appraisal of a Unique Umbilical Approach

Table 1

Patient demographics.

Patient variables	SSMPPLE	CMLC
Number of patients	320	326
Sex (male : female)	99 : 221	95 : 231
Mean age (years)
Male	42.5 (range, 17–64)	43.8 (range, 15–67)
Female	45.3 (range, 22–68)	44.9 (range, 16–70)
Mean BMI (Kg/m^2)
Male	27.7 (range, 17–31.5)	25.3 (range, 18–30)
Female	28.4 (range, 19–33.7)	27.5 (range, 18–32.3)
Indications for cholecystectomy
Biliary colic	161	160
Acute calculus cholecystitis	20	15
Chronic calculus cholecystitis	95	110
Gallbladder polyp with cholelithiasis	7	8
Mucocele of gallbladder	7	15
Empyema of gallbladder	10	4
Biliary pancreatitis	20	14
Medical comorbidities
HTN	16	15
DM	17	19
HTN + DM	14	15
Heart disease
Old healed MI	6	5
Left ventricular hypertrophy	5	6
Pulmonary disease
Old healed tuberculosis	18	21
COPD (controlled)	4	7
Previous abdominal surgery (scar)
LTL (umbilical)	22	25
LA (umbilical + right iliac fossa + suprapubic)	6	4
Laparotomy (midline)	6	5

HTN: hypertension, DM: diabetes, MI: myocardial infarction, LTL: laparoscopic tubal ligation, OA: open appendectomy, LA: laparoscopic appendectomy, SPC: suprapubic cystostomy, and DL: diagnostic laparoscopy.