| | Perioperative variables | SSMPPLE | CMLC | P value |
| | Intraoperative | | | | | Camera assistant | | | | | Fellow | 216 | 168 | — | | Registrar | 104 | 158 | — | | Mean operative time (min) | 43.8 (range, 20–85) | 39.5 (range, 28–106) | 0.00370 | | Mean blood loss (mL) | 9.4 (range, 5–55) | 8.7 (range, 5–40) | <0.0001 | | Bile duct injury | 0 | 0 | — | | Major vessel injury | 0 | 0 | — | | Rate of conversion | | | | | To conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy | 6 | Not applicable | — | | To open cholecystectomy | 5 | 2 | — | | Postoperative | | | | | Pain (mean visual analogue score) | | | | | Day 0 | 3.21 ( range, 3–5) | 3.89 (range, 3–6) | <0.0001 | | Day 1 | 2.09 (range, 1–4) | 2.13 (range, 2–4) | NS | | Day 7 | 0 | 0.04 (range, 0-1) | 0.00018 | | Day 30 | 0 | 0 | — | | Mean postoperative analgesics used (days) | 1.7 (range, 0.5–4.8) | 3.3 (range, 1–5) | <0.0001 | | Ambulation (hr) | 4.6 (range, 4–8) | 4.8 (range, 4–12) | <0.0001 | | Mean time to solids after surgery (hr) | 5.7 (range, 5–12) | 6.6 (range, 6–12) | <0.0001 | | Mean time to discharge after surgery (days) | 1.3 (range, 1–5) | 1.2 (range, 1–7) | NS | | Mean time to normal activity (days) | 3.2 (range, 3–7) | 3.4 (range, 3–5) | 0.00444 | | Mean time to work (days) | 9.6 (range, 7–18) | 10.5 (range, 7–15) | <0.0001 | | Umbilical sepsis | 6 (1.9%) | 5 (1.5%) | NS | | Umbilical seroma | 7 (2.2%) | 6 (1.8%) | NS | | Trocar site hernia | 0 | 0 | — | | Scar grade | 1.28 (range, 1–3) | 2.03 (range, 1–3) | <0.0001 |
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