Comparison of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Volume and Flow Incentive Spirometry, on Diaphragm Excursion and Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 6

Showing difference between preoperative and postoperative 2nd day between intervention groups and control group of Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, and diaphragm excursion.

Preoperative minus postoperative 2nd day (mean difference)	Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (liters (L))	Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (liters (L))	Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) L/s	Diaphragm excursion (cm)
Diaphragmatic breathing exercise group versus flow incentive spirometry group	−0.09; value 1.00^#	0.00; value 1.00^#	−0.12; value 1.00^#	−0.23; value 0.16^#
Diaphragmatic breathing exercise group versus volume incentive spirometry group	−0.00; value 1.00^#	0.06; value 1.00^#	0.02; value 1.00^#	−0.15; value 1.00^#
Diaphragmatic breathing exercise group versus control group	−0.21; value 0.03	−0.11; value 0.85^#	−0.21; value 1.00^#	−0.46; value < 0.001
Flow incentive spirometry group versus volume incentive spirometry group	0.88; value 1.00^#	0.06; value 1.00^#	0.14; value 1.00^#	0.22; value 0.23^#
Flow incentive spirometry group versus control group	−0.12; value 0.66^#	−0.11; value 0.75^#	−0.08; value 1.00^#	−0.23; value 0.20^#
Volume incentive spirometry group versus control group	−0.21; value 0.03	−0.17; value 0.12^#	−0.23; value 1.00^#	−0.45; value < 0.001

Not significant at . Significant at level. Highly significant at level.