Research Article

Prediction of Muscle Fatigue during Minimally Invasive Surgery Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis

Table 2

Time-to-fatigue for all the muscle groups (minutes).

SurgeonCaseL-bicepR-bicepL-tricepR-tricepL-deltoidR-deltoidL-trapR-trap

11N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)
2N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)
3N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)

21N/FN/FN/FN/FN/FN/FN/FN/F
2N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)
3N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)

31N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)
2N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)
3N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)

41N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(45–50)(45–50)
2N/FN/FN/FN/FN/FN/F(45–50)(45–50)
3N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(55–60)(55–60)

51N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(55–60)(55–60)
2N/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)(55–60)(55–60)
3N/FN/FN/FN/FN/FN/F(55–60)(55–60)

Note: N/F: no fatigue.