A Secure Localization Approach Using Mutual Authentication and Insider Node Validation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 1

Summarization of layer wise attacks on localization in WSNs [9].

Layers	Attacks	Attack behaviour	Results
Physical layer	Stealing	Signal eavesdropping and tampering	Packet error and packet loss
	Jamming	Sending jamming signal in the working frequency range	Packet loss
Data link layer	Collision	Repetition of messages	Packet loss
	Exhaustion	Sending of unnecessary message	Packet loss
	Unfairness	Explicitly take the control of the channel	Packet loss
Network layer	DoS Attacks	Exhaustion of energy of the unknown nodes	Packet loss
	Selective forwarding	Selectively forward packets	Packet loss
	Sybil	Possessing multiple identities	Packet error
	Sinkhole	Maliciously tamper with routing	Packet error
	Wormhole	Shortening the distance to make a fast routing path	Packet loss
Transport layer	Flooding	Establishing false connections	Packet loss
	Tampering	Tampering localization beacons	Packet error