A Crowd-Based Intelligence Approach for Measurable Security, Privacy, and Dependability in Internet of Automated Vehicles with Vehicular Fog

Table 2

Vehicular ramming attacks in Europe.

Country	Year	Number of fatalities	Reasons of the attack
Lyon, France	2002	0 (the building was empty)	Attacks on Jewish targets
Scotland, Glasgow	2007	1 death and 5 nonfatal injuries	Islamism-inspired ramming attack
Netherlands	2009	8 deaths and 10 nonfatal injuries	Vehicular attack
London, UK	2013	1 death and 2 nonfatal injuries	Islamic terrorism attack
Dijon, France	2014	0 death and 11, nonfatal injuries	Islamism-inspired ramming attack
Nantes, France	2014	1 death and 10 nonfatal injuries	Suspected mental unbalance
Isere, France	2015	1 death and 2 nonfatal injuries	Vehicle ramming terrorism
Graz, Austria	2015	3 deaths and 36 nonfatal injuries	Vehicular attack terrorism
Nice, France	2016	87 deaths and 434 nonfatal injuries	Vehicular attack and shooting
Berlin, Germany	2016	12 deaths and 56 nonfatal injuries	Islamism-inspired ramming attack
Westminster, UK	2017	5 deaths and 50 nonfatal injuries	Islamic terrorism attack
Antwerp, Belgium	2017	0 death and 0 nonfatal injuries	Terrorism attack
Stockholm, Sweden	2017	4 deaths	Terrorism attack