Developing a Mobile APP-Supported Learning System for Evaluating Health-Related Physical Fitness Achievements of Students

Table 14

The results of different learning approaches on students’ self-efficacy and HRPF achievements (all participants).

Dimension	Group	Descriptive statistics			Hotelling
			Mean	SD	F value
Fitness	Control group	41	43.62	18.20	3.38	0.01
	Experimental group (pretest)	48	54.76	21.96
	Control group	41	50.73	16.61	10.02	0.01
	Experimental group (posttest)	48	66.56	19.92
Self-efficacy	Control group	39	3.99	0.84	2.14	0.04
	Experimental group	47	4.09	0.65

We removed 3 outliers during the Self-efficacy analysis process, .