Mobile Information Systems
Volume 2019, Article ID 4324871, 29 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4324871
Research Article
Porting Mobile Apps from iOS to Android: A Practical Experience
1TIM Laboratory, ENSA, Cadi Ayyad University Marrakesh, Marrakesh, Morocco
2MDA Expert, MyAppConverter Ltd., London, UK
3LTI Laboratory, ENSA, University of Chouaib Doukkali El Jadida, El Jadida, Morocco
Correspondence should be addressed to Khalid Lamhaddab; moc.liamg@baddahmal.k
Received 19 April 2019; Revised 19 June 2019; Accepted 22 July 2019; Published 3 September 2019
Academic Editor: Ramon Aguero
Copyright © 2019 Khalid Lamhaddab et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- Worldwide Mobile Apps Download, September 2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/271644/worldwidefreeandpaidmobileappstoredownloads/.
- Number of available apps in the apple app store from July 2008 to January 2017, September 2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/263795/numberofavailableappsintheappleappstore/.
- Number of available applications in the google play store from December 2009 to December 2017, September 2018, https://www.statista.com/statistics/266210/numberofavailableapplicationsinthegoogleplaystore/.
- Mobile hit new milestones in q1 2019, June 2019, https://www.appannie.com/en/insights/marketdata/mobilehitnewmilestonesinq12019/.
- D. Fortunato and J. Bernardino, “Progressive web apps: an alternative to the native mobile apps,” in Proceedings of the 2018 13th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), pp. 1–6, Caceres, Spain, June 2018. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. H. Park, Y. B. Park, and H. K. Ham, “Fragmentation problem in android,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), pp. 1-2, Suwon, South Korea, June 2013.
- T. Roehm, R. Tiarks, R. Koschke, and W. Maalej, “How do professional developers comprehend software?” in Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 255–265, IEEE Computer Society, Zurich, Switzerland, June 2012.
- H. Muccini, A. D. Francesco, and P. Esposito, “Softwaretesting of mobile applications: challenges and future research directions,” in Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Automation of Software Test (AST), pp. 29–53, IEEE Computer Society, Zurich, Switzerland, June 2012.
- J. Dehlinger and J. Dixon, “Mobile application software engineering: challenges and research directions,” in Proceedings of the Workshop on Mobile Software Engineering, pp. 29–32, Springer, Santa Monica, LA, USA, 2011.
- A. I. Wasserman, “Software engineering issues for mobile application development,” in Proceedings of the FSE/SDP Workshop on Future of Software Engineering Research (FoSER10), pp. 397–400, ACM, Santa Fe, NM, USA, November 2010.
- M. Janicki, M. Katara, and T. Pääkkönen, “Obstacles and opportunities in deploying model-based GUI testing of mobile software: a survey,” Software Testing, Verification and Reliability, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 313–341, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Franke and C. Weise, “Providing a software quality framework for testing of mobile applications,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), pp. 431–434, IEEE Computer Society, Berlin, Germany, March 2011.
- S. P. Miller, A. C. Tribble, M. W. Whalen, and M. P. E. Heimdahl, “Proving the shalls,” International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, vol. 8, no. 4-5, pp. 303–319, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Tilakaratna and J. Rajapakse, “Forward engineering the object oriented analysis and design,” in Proceedings of the Malaysian Conference in Software Engineering, pp. 107–112, IEEE, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, December 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Franke, C. Elsemann, S. Kowalewski, and C. Weise, “Reverse engineering of mobile application lifecycles,” in Proceedings of the 2011 18th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 283–292, Limerick, Ireland, November 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. E. Joorabchi and A. Mesbah, “Reverse engineering iOS mobile applications,” in Proceedings of the 2012 19th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 177–186, Kingston, Canada, October 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. Yang, M. R. Prasad, and T. Xie, “A grey-box approach for automated GUI-model generation of mobile applications,” in Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, V. Cortellessa and D. Varró, Eds., pp. 250–265, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Salva and S. Zafimiharisoa, “Model reverse-engineering of mobile applications with exploration strategies,” in Proceedings of the ICSEA 2014 the Ninth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances, pp. 396–403, Nice, France, October 2014.
- I. C. Morgado, A. Paiva, and J. Faria, “Automated pattern-based testing of mobile applications,” in Proceedings of the 2014 9th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, pp. 294–299, Guimarães, Portugal, April 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. A. Nguyen and C. Csallner, “Reverse engineering mobile application user interfaces with remaui,” in Proceedings of the 2015 30th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), pp. 248–259, Lincoln, NE, USA, November 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Lamhaddab and K. Elbaamrani, “Model driven reverse engineering: graph modeling for mobiles platforms,” in Proceedings of the 2015 15th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), pp. 392–397, Marrakech, Morocco, December 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Amalfitano, A. R. Fasolino, P. Tramontana, B. D. Ta, and A. M. Memon, “MobiGUITAR: automated model-based testing of mobile apps,” IEEE Software, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 53–59, 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Dugerdil and R. Sako, “Dynamic analysis techniques to reverse engineer mobile applications,” in Software Technologies, P. Lorenz, J. Cardoso, L. A. Maciaszek, and M. van Sinderen, Eds., pp. 250–268, Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 2016. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- I. A. Salihu, R. Ibrahim, and A. Mustapha, “A hybrid approach for reverse engineering GUI model from android apps for automated testing,” Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 45–49, 2017. View at Google Scholar
- I. C. Morgado and A. C. R. Paiva, “Mobile GUI testing,” Software Quality Journal, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1553–1570, 2018. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Chen, T. Su, G. Meng, Z. Xing, and Y. Liu, “From UI design image to GUI skeleton: a neural machine translator to bootstrap mobile GUI implementation,” in Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering ICSE’18, pp. 665–676, ACM, New York, NY, USA, May-June 2018. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Salehinejad, J. Baarbe, S. Sankar, J. Barfett, E. Colak, and S. Valaee, “Recent advances in recurrent neural networks,” 2017, http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.01078. View at Google Scholar
- T. Beltramelli, “pix2code: generating code from a graphical user interface screenshot,” in Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems-EICS’18, pp. 31–36, ACM, New York, NY, USA, June 2018. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Dai, S. Fidler, R. Urtasun, and D. Lin, “Towards diverse and natural image descriptions via a conditional gan,” in Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 2989–2998, Venice, Italy, October 2017. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Amalfitano, V. Riccio, N. Amatucci, V. D. Simone, and A. R. Fasolino, “Combining automated GUI exploration of android apps with capture and replay through machine learning,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 105, pp. 95–116, 2019. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Cornelissen, A. Zaidman, A. van Deursen, L. Moonen, and R. Koschke, “A systematic survey of program comprehension through dynamic analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 684–702, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- I. C. Morgado, “Automated pattern-based testing of mobile applications,” Tech. Rep., Faculdade Engenharia Universidade Porto, November 2018, http://paginas.fe.up.pt/%7epro11016/files/PhDThesisProposal.pdf. View at Google Scholar
- F. Fleurey, E. Breton, B. Baudry, A. Nicolas, and J.-M. Jézéquel, “Model-driven engineering for software migration in a large industrial context,” in Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), G. Engels, B. Opdyke, D. Schmidt, and E. F. Weil, Eds., vol. 4735, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2007. View at Google Scholar
- I. Kurtev, “State of the art of QVT: a model transformation language standard,” in Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance, A. Schürr, M. Nagl, and A. Zündorf, Eds., pp. 377–393, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2008. View at Google Scholar
- F. Jouault, F. Allilaire, J. Bézivin, and I. Kurtev, “ATL: a model transformation tool,” Science of Computer Programming, vol. 72, no. 1-2, pp. 31–39, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Umuhoza, H. Ed-douibi, M. Brambilla, J. Cabot, and A. Bongio, “Automatic code generation for cross-platform, multi-device mobile apps: some reflections from an industrial experience,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Mobile Development Lifecycle-MobileDeLi 2015, pp. 37–44, ACM, New York, NY, USA, October 2015. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- OMG, “OMG MOF model to text transformation language,” September 2018, https://www.omg.org/spec/MOFM2T/1.0/. View at Google Scholar
- H. Brunelièe, J. Cabot, G. Dupé, and F. Madiot, “MoDisco: a model driven reverse engineering framework,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 1012–1032, 2014. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Wohlin, P. Runeson, M. Hst, M. C. Ohlsson, B. Regnell, and A. Wessln, Experimentation in Software Engineering, Springer Publishing Company, New York, NY, USA, 2012.
- S. Kent, “Model driven engineering,” in Integrated Formal Methods, M. Butler, L. Petre, and K. Sere, Eds., pp. 286–298, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2002. View at Google Scholar
- A. van Deursen, E. Visser, and J. Warmer, “Model-driven software evolution: a research agenda,” in Proceedings of the CSMR Workshop Model-Driven Softw. Evol. (MoDSE), pp. 41–49, Amsterdam, Netherlands, March 2007.
- P. Mohagheghi, W. Gilani, A. Stefanescu, M. A. Fernandez, B. Nordmoen, and M. Fritzsche, “Where does model-driven engineering help? experiences from three industrial cases,” Software and Systems Modeling, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 619–639, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Jouault, J. Bézivin, and M. Barbero, “Towards an advanced model-driven engineering toolbox,” Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 5–12, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- OMG, “MDA Guide Revision 2.0,” September 2018, http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ormsc/140601. View at Google Scholar
- A. Elsawi, S. Sahibuddin, and R. Ibrahim, “Model driven architecture a review of current literature,” Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 79, pp. 122–127, 2015. View at Google Scholar
- L. Favre, “MDA-based reverse engineering,” in Reverse Engineering, A. C. Telea, Ed., IntechOpen, Rijeka, Croatia, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- A. Brown, Model Driven Architecture: Principles and Practice, vol. 3, Springer-Verlag, Verlag, Germany, 2004.
- OMG, “MOF: Meta Object Facility (Mof Tm) 2.0. OMG specification formal/161101,” September 2018, http://www.omg.org/mof. View at Google Scholar
- J. Oldevik, T. Neple, R. Grønmo, J. Aagedal, and A.-J. Berre, “Toward standardised model to text transformations,” in Model Driven Architecture—Foundations and Applications, A. Hartman and D. Kreische, Eds., pp. 239–253, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2005. View at Google Scholar
- P. Stevens, “Bidirectional model transformations in QVT: semantic issues and open questions,” Software and Systems Modeling, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 7–20, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. J. Chikofsky and J. H. Cross, “Reverse engineering and design recovery: a taxonomy,” IEEE Software, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13–17, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Rugaber and K. Stirewalt, “Model-driven reverse engineering,” IEEE Software, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 45–53, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Raibulet, F. Arcelli Fontana, and M. Zanoni, “Model-driven reverse engineering approaches: a systematic literature review,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 14516–14542, 2017. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Newcomb, “Architecture-driven modernization (ADM),” in Proceedings of the 12th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE’05), p. 237, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, November 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- R. Pérez-Castillo, I. G.-R. de Guzmán, and M. Piattini, “Knowledge discovery metamodel-ISO/IEC 19506: a standard to modernize legacy systems,” Computer Standards and Interfaces, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 519–532, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- OMG, “Architecture-driven modernization standards roadmap,” September 2009, http://adm.omg.org/ADMTF%20Roadmap.pdf. View at Google Scholar