Computer-Assisted Diagnosis for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Fundus Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Table 1

Classification of diabetic retinopathy [4].

Category	Level	Manifestation
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)	1	Few microaneurysms or hemorrhage
	2	Microaneurysms, hemorrhages, soft exudates, venous beading
	3	Severe retinal hemorrhage in ≥4 quadrants, or venous beading change in ≥2 quadrants, or mild intraretinal microvascular abnormality in ≥1 quadrant
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)	4	Neovascularization of retina or optic disc