Research Article
Analysis and Evaluation of Braille to Text Conversion Methods
Table 3
Comparison of touch-screen-based Braille input methods.
| | Sr # | Name | Sample size | Tool learning complexity | Usable | Single/double-handed usage | Tactile/audio feedback | Language supported | Allows editing | Screen location dependency | Gestures used | Technique used | References |
| | 1 | Single-Tap Braille | 7 | Low | Low | Single | None | English | NA | No | Tapping | Algorithm for recognizing the taps | [6] | | 2 | NavTap and Braille Tap | 15 | High | Low | Double | Audio | English | NA | Yes | (i) Up
(ii) Down
(iii) Left
(iv) Right | Minimum string distance rate | [24] | | 3 | No-Look Notes | 10 | N/A | Medium | Double | Audio | English | Yes | Yes | (i) Split-tapping
(ii) Slide rule | T-test/Robust entry techniques | [25] | | 4 | V-Braille | 9 | N/A | Medium | Single | Tactile | English | N/A | Yes | N/A | Semi-structured interviews | [26] | | 5 | Braille Play | 8 | High | Low | Single | Audio | English | N/A | Yes | Moving between different options | Gesture recognition back-tracking algorithm | [27] | | 6 | TypeIn Braille | 7 | High | Low | Both | Audio | English | N/A | N/A | (i) Single-Tap left
(ii) Single-Tap right
(iii) Double-Tap
(iv) Triple-Tap | Usability study | [28] | | 7 | Braille Touch | 6 | Low | Low | Double | N/A | English | N/A | Yes | N/A | Usability study | [29] | | 8 | Braille Type | 15 | Low | Medium | Single finger | Audio | English | Yes | Yes | (i) Tap
(ii) Left swipe | One-way ANOVA | [30] | | 9 | Mobile Brailler | 0 | High | Medium | Both | N/A | English | Yes | Yes | Swiping | Euclidian distance for calculating touch points | [31] | | 10 | Single-finger prototype | 15 | Low | High | Single | Audio | English | N/A | Yes | Tapping | Usability study | [31] | | 11 | Braille Key | 5 | Low | High | Single | Audio | English | N/A | Yes | (i) Single-Tap
(ii) Double-Tap
(iii) Long press | One-way ANOVA | [32] | | 12 | Braille Calculator | 0 | Low | Medium | Single | Audio | English | N/A | Yes | Tapping | Adriano UN board | [34] | | 13 | VB Ghost | 0 | Low | Medium | Single | Tactile and audio | English | N/A | Yes | Tapping | Longitudinal study | [35] | | 14 | Eye droid | 12 | Low | Medium | Single | Audio | English | No | No | (i) Swipe left
(ii) Swipe right
(iii) Swipe from bottom-to-top
(iv) Swipe from top-to-bottom | Gesture recognition algorithm, experimental study. | [37] | | 15 | Edge Braille | 14 | Medium | Medium | Single | Tactile | English | N/A | Yes | Moving between different dots to draw continuous patterns | Lab-based study, ANOVA | [38] | | 16 | Braille Easy | 6 | Medium | Low | Single | NA | English | N/A | NA | (i) Single-Tap
(ii) Double-Tap
(iii) Triple-Tap | N/A | [39] | | 17 | Braille Enter | 6 | Low | Medium | Single | Audio | English | Yes | No | (i) Press
(ii) Long tap
(iii) Swipe | Braille enter algorithm | [40] | | 18 | Braille Sketch | 10 | Low | High | Single | Voice | English | N/A | No | N/A | Auto correction algorithm | [42] | | 19 | Braille Ecran | 1 | High | Medium | N/A | Tactile and audio | English | Yes | Yes | N/A | Predictive and experimental evaluation | [43] |
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