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| ID | Research questions | Motivation | Hypothesis |
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| Q1 | Which gamified mobile apps related to driving behavior improvement are currently available in the common mobile apps repositories and digital libraries? | To identify which existing gamified mobile apps are related to driving behavior and to know when and where these mobile apps were developed. | (H1.1) The existing mobile apps for driving behavior improvement available in the Android platform are more than those available in other platforms.
(H1.2) Several mobile apps for driving behavior improvement are available in many versions for all platforms (Android, iOS, and Windows phone). |
| Q2 | What are the functionalities offered by these applications? | To have an inventory of the functionalities provided by selected applications. | (H2) There is no significant difference between the functionalities offered by the selected mobile apps. |
| Q3 | What data are collected and how they were collected? | To identify the type of collected data, either driving data, profile data, context data, or health data. | (H3) All the selected mobile apps collect data about the driver’s profile, context, and health. |
| Q4 | In which phase of driving the selected mobile apps took part? | To know if the selected mobile apps can be used before driving, while driving, or after driving. | (H4) All the selected mobile apps collect data about drivers before, during, and after driving. |
| Q5 | What machine learning models, tasks, and algorithms are used to analyze the collected data? | To determine the most used ML models, tasks, and algorithms to analyze the collected data. | (H5) Classification is the most used ML task in driving behavior analysis. |
| Q6 | What are the gamification elements used by selected applications? | To identify the most used gamification elements in the design of selected applications. | (H6.1) There is no significant difference between the use of gamification elements in selected mobile apps.
(H6.2) All the selected mobile apps use a combination of several gamification elements to ensure driver engagement and motivation. |
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