[Retracted] Computation Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing and Mobile Edge Computing: Survey, Taxonomy, and Open Issues

Table 2

Comparative summary of related works.

Framework	Objective	Tasks dependency	User mobility	Platform	Optimisation algorithm
Rashidi and Sharifian [41]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MCC	QDM & GA & ACO algorithms
Yang et al. [69]	Delay	Independent	Mobility	MEC	Location-based offloading scheme
Yang et al. [70]	Delay & energy	Dependent	No-mobility	MEC	ASO and pro-ITG algorithms
Mirjalili and Lewis [71]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MCC	Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) algorithm
Yang et al. [72]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Artificial fish swarm (AFSA)
Kao et al. [73]	Delay	Dependent	No-mobility	MEC	Fully polynomial time approximation (FPTAS)
Wang et al. [53]	Delay	Independent	Mobility	MEC	Heuristic algorithm
Zhang et al. [74]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Weight-sum function
Peng et al. [75]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MCC	Whale optimization algorithm (WOA)
Huang et al. [76]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Ant colony system (ACS)
Yuyi et al. [66]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Game theory
Bi et al. [77]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Hybrid metaheuristic algorithm
Shu et al. [78]	Delay	Dependent	No-mobility	MEC	Heuristic algorithm
Kai et al. [79]	Delay	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Successive convex approximation (SCA)
Sun et al. [80]	Delay& energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Lyapunov optimization algorithm
Bi et al. [81]	Delay& energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP)
Shan et al. [82]	Delay& energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Cov-AHP & Nash equilibrium algorithm
Erana Veerappa Dinesh and Valarmathi [83]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MCC	Energy estimation model (RG-EEM)
Raj [84]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MCC	Ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm
Gu et al. [85]	Delay	Independent	No-mobility	MCC	Particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm
Sundararaj [86]	Delay	Independent	No-mobility	MCC	Queue ant colony (QAnt-Bee) algorithm
Liu et al. [87]	Delay & energy	Independent	No-mobility	MEC	Lyapunov optimization algorithm
Liu et al. [88]	Delay	Dependent	No-mobility	MEC	GenDoc algorithm
Huy Hoang et al. [89]	Delay	Independent	Mobility	MEC	Heuristic algorithm
Thananjeyan [90]	Delay & energy	Independent	Mobility	MEC	Computational intensity (CI)