Research Article
Modelling and Forecasting Fresh Agro-Food Commodity Consumption Per Capita in Malaysia Using Machine Learning
Table 4
Projections of fresh agro-food consumption (′000 tonnes metric).
| | Agro-food | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | Changes (%) |
| | Population (′000) | 32370.0 | 32780.0 | 33180.0 | 33580.0 | 33970.0 | 34350.0 | | |
| | Consumption (′000 ton metric) | | Rice | 3047.5 | 3194.5 | 3355.3 | 3526.9 | 3717.4 | 3907.6 | 860.1 | 28.2 |
| | Vegetables | | Spinach | 54.3 | 58.0 | 62.0 | 66.4 | 71.3 | 76.2 | 21.9 | 40.3 | | Lady’s finger | 36.0 | 36.4 | 36.7 | 36.9 | 37.2 | 37.4 | 1.4 | 3.8 | | Chili | 73.8 | 81.1 | 89.1 | 97.8 | 107.6 | 117.5 | 43.6 | 59.1 | | Long bean | 48.4 | 48.8 | 49.2 | 49.6 | 49.9 | 50.2 | 1.7 | 3.6 | | Cabbage | 265.6 | 286.0 | 308.7 | 333.1 | 360.5 | 388.0 | 122.4 | 46.1 | | Celery cabbage | 288.5 | 326.1 | 368.2 | 413.7 | 465.2 | 517.0 | 228.5 | 79.2 | | Eggplant | 52.0 | 56.8 | 62.3 | 68.1 | 74.7 | 81.3 | 29.4 | 56.5 | | Cucumber | 120.2 | 134.8 | 151.1 | 168.8 | 188.7 | 208.8 | 88.5 | 73.6 | | Tomato | 111.8 | 109.6 | 106.8 | 103.6 | 99.8 | 95.9 | −15.9 | −14.2 |
| | Livestock | | Chicken and duck | 1534.8 | 1556.5 | 1578.0 | 1599.7 | 1621.4 | 1642.6 | 107.8 | 7.0 | | Pork | 567.2 | 563.6 | 558.3 | 551.9 | 543.4 | 534.6 | −32.6 | −5.7 | | Beef and buffalo meat | 194.8 | 202.0 | 209.9 | 218.2 | 227.4 | 236.5 | 41.7 | 21.4 | | Lamb | 33.2 | 33.4 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 0.3 | 0.9 | | Chicken and duck egg | 595.7 | 593.7 | 590.1 | 585.6 | 579.2 | 572.5 | −23.2 | −3.9 |
| | Fisheries | | Crab | 14.2 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 0.9 | 6.7 | | Mackerel | 206.6 | 201.7 | 195.6 | 188.7 | 180.5 | 172.1 | −34.6 | −16.7 | | Squid | 92.4 | 100.0 | 108.4 | 117.5 | 127.7 | 137.9 | 45.5 | 49.3 | | Tuna | 105.4 | 114.6 | 124.9 | 136.0 | 148.4 | 160.9 | 55.6 | 52.8 | | Prawn | 144.6 | 147.3 | 150.2 | 153.1 | 156.2 | 159.2 | 14.7 | 10.1 |
| | Fruits | | Star fruit | 11.8 | 13.6 | 15.5 | 17.6 | 20.0 | 22.4 | 10.6 | 89.4 | | Jackfruit | 57.5 | 59.1 | 60.8 | 62.6 | 64.6 | 66.6 | 9.1 | 15.8 | | Durian | 392.6 | 420.0 | 450.3 | 482.9 | 519.4 | 555.9 | 163.3 | 41.6 | | Sweet corn | 87.5 | 97.1 | 107.8 | 119.4 | 132.5 | 145.6 | 58.1 | 66.4 | | Guava | 30.4 | 26.0 | 20.8 | 15.2 | 8.7 | 2.1 | −28.3 | −93.1 | | Coconut | 661.7 | 692.2 | 725.6 | 761.1 | 800.5 | 839.8 | 178.1 | 26.9 | | Mango | 60.4 | 61.2 | 61.9 | 62.7 | 63.5 | 64.3 | 3.9 | 6.4 | | Mangosteen | 20.8 | 19.9 | 18.9 | 17.7 | 16.4 | 15.0 | −5.8 | −27.7 | | Pineapple | 191.6 | 168.7 | 142.4 | 113.5 | 80.0 | 46.3 | −145.3 | −75.9 | | Banana | 277.0 | 270.8 | 263.3 | 254.7 | 244.3 | 233.8 | −43.3 | −15.6 | | Rambutan | 59.0 | 58.4 | 57.5 | 56.6 | 55.3 | 54.1 | −4.9 | −8.3 | | Watermelon | 134.3 | 132.2 | 129.7 | 126.7 | 123.0 | 119.3 | −15.0 | −11.1 |
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