UPFC Location and Performance Analysis in Deregulated Power Systems

Table 2

OPF cost increase due to the addition of UPFC series part impedance.

line	impedance	sending end			receiving end
		Δ𝑓^1difr	𝜕𝑓/𝜕𝑋𝑠	Δ𝑓^1sens	Δ𝑓^1difr	𝜕𝑓/𝜕𝑋𝑠	Δ𝑓^1sens
	(pu)
		(pu)	($/hr⋅pu)	(pu)	(pu)	($/hr⋅pu)	(pu)
1-2	0.050	−8.52	−215.9	−10.79	−9.56	−251.7	−12.59
1-4	0.022	74.20	2549	56.60	80.07	2742	60.87
1-5	0.050	−4.73	−619	−30.96	−3.79	−697.8	−34.89
2-3	0.050	−1.52	−32.7	−1.64	1.12	30.46	1.52
2-4	0.022	−33.11	−3121	−69.28	−33.64	−3212	−71.31
2-5	0.089	59.54	472.9	42.04	72.89	540.2	48.03
2-6	0.010	3.92	354.6	3.51	4.59	411.1	4.07
3-5	0.016	4.25	217.8	3.55	5.07	259.5	4.23
3-6	0.013	4.78	295.7	3.70	4.83	295.9	3.70
4-5	0.200	−0.24	5.81	1.16	−14.60	−110.6	−22.12
5-6	0.050	3.23	67.27	3.36	0.69	12.41	0.62