Adaptive Step-Size Control in Simulation of Diffusive CVD Processes

Figure 5

PID-control. Effect on control system: the main influence in a control loop, 𝐾_𝑃 reduces a large part of the overall error. 𝐾_𝐼 reduces the final error in a system. Summing even a small error over time produces a drive signal large enough to move the system toward a smaller error. 𝐾_𝐷 counteracts the 𝐾_𝑃 and 𝐾_𝐼 terms when the output changes quickly. This helps reduce overshoot and ringing.