Numerical Model on Sound-Solid Coupling in Human Ear and Study on Sound Pressure of Tympanic Membrane

Table 1

Material properties of the FE model.

Structure	Density (kg/m^3)	Young’s modulus (Pa)
Tympanic membrane (Pars tensa)	1.2×10^3	3.5×10^7
Tympanic membrane (Pars flaccida)	1.2×10^3	2.0×10^7
The tympanic membrane malleus attachment at the umbo	1.2×10^3	3.5×10^7 [11]
The tympanic membrane malleus attachment at malleus handle	1.2×10^3	3.5×10^3 [11]
Malleus head	2.55×10^3	1.41×10^10
Malleus neck	4.53×10^3	1.41×10^10
Malleus handle	3.7×10^3	1.41×10^10
Incudomalleolar joint	3.2×10^3	1.41×10^10
Incus body	2.36×10^3	1.41×10^10
Incus short process	2.26×10^3	1.41×10^10
Incus long process	5.08×10^3	1.41×10^10
Incudostapedial joint	1.2×10^3	6.0×10^5
Stapes	2.2×10^3	1.41×10^10
Superior mallear ligament	2.5×10^3	4.9×10^6
Lateral mallear ligament	2.5×10^3	6.7×10^6
Anterior mallear ligament	2.5×10^3	2.1×10^7
Superior incudal ligament	2.5×10^3	4.9×10^4
Posterior incudal ligament	2.5×10^3	6.5×10^6
Tensor tympani tendon	2.5×10^3	8.7×10^6
Stapedial tendon	2.5×10^3	5.2×10^6
Oval window	1.2×10^3	5.5×10^6
Round window membrane	1.2×10^3	3.5×10^5
Basilar membrane	1.0×10^3	2.0×10^5