Control of an Automotive Semi-Active Suspension

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="218106.fig.008a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2012/218106/figures/218106.fig.008a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>Transfer function of <svg height="15.2125" id="M213" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.675 15.2125" width="13.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,9,10.6)"><use xlink:href="#x308"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.925)"><use xlink:href="#x1D467"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.525,15)"><use xlink:href="#x1D460"></use></g>
</svg>/<svg height="12.3" id="M214" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2375 12.3" width="14.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,8.012)"><use xlink:href="#x1D467"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.525,12.1)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45F"></use></g>
</svg></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="218106.fig.008b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2012/218106/figures/218106.fig.008b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>Transfer function of <svg height="16.299999" id="M215" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.174999 16.299999" width="47.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.013)"><use xlink:href="#x1D467"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.525,16.088)"><use xlink:href="#x64"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,14.808,16.088)"><use xlink:href="#x65"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,19.865,16.088)"><path d="M54 437h47v21q0 48 11 83q23 72 77 118q55 46 110 53q53 -3 79 -34q13 -16 5 -35q-5 -13 -19 -24t-27 3q-37 37 -81 37q-34 0 -53 -29q-24 -37 -23 -153v-40h118q5 -7 1.5 -21t-11.5 -19h-108v-287q0 -55 13 -67t73 -18v-25h-236v26q49 5 60 16.5t11 60.5v294h-70l-4 11z
" id="x66"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26,12.013)"><use xlink:href="#x2F"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,33.003,12.013)"><use xlink:href="#x1D467"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,41.463,16.088)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45F"></use></g>
</svg></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><img alt="218106.fig.008c" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2012/218106/figures/218106.fig.008c.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(c) </b>Transfer function of <svg height="16.4125" id="M216" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.262501 16.4125" width="63.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x28"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x1D467"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,14.413,16.212)"><use xlink:href="#x75"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,20.695,16.212)"><use xlink:href="#x73"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.462,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x2212"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,43.214,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x1D467"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,51.675,16.212)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45F"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,57.325,12.138)"><use xlink:href="#x29"></use></g>
</svg>/<svg height="12.3" id="M217" style="vertical-align:-3.39066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2375 12.3" width="14.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,8.012)"><use xlink:href="#x1D467"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.525,12.1)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45F"></use></g>
</svg></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Control system. Pseudo-Bodes for transfer functions (a) sprung-mass acceleration, (b) suspension deflection, and (c) road holding versus road profile.</table>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Control of an Automotive Semi-Active Suspension

Figure 8