A Hybrid ICA-SVM Approach for Determining the Quality Variables at Fault in a Multivariate Process

Figure 1

The 700 data vectors (i.e., 𝑋₁, 𝑋₂, and 𝑋₃) for 7 combinations of possible fault sets, (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1), (1,1,0), (1,0,1), (0,1,1), and (1,1,1), in the cases of 𝜌=0, 𝜌=0.6, and 𝜌=0.9.

(a) 𝜌=0

(b) 𝜌=0.6

(c) 𝜌=0.9