Research Article
Phase Error Modeling and Its Impact on Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellites
Table 2
Overview of the dynamical models and reference frames used for reduced dynamic orbit determination.
| Item | Description |
| Static gravity field | GGM02C 150 × 150 [20] | Solid Earth tide | IERS96, 4 × 4 [21] | Polar tide | IERS96 [21] | Ocean tide | CSR4.0 | 3rd body gravity | Sun and moon | Solar radiation pressure | Ball model, Conical earth shadow, is estimated [22] | Atmospheric drag | Jacchia 71 density model (NOAA solar flux (daily) and geomagnetic activity (3 hourly)), is estimated [22] | Relativity | Schwarzschild | Precession | IAU1976 [21] | Nutation | IAU1980 + EOPC correction [21] | Earth orientation | EOPC04 | Solar ephemerides | JPL DE405 | Terrestrial reference frame | International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) 2000 [23] | Conventional inertial reference frame | J2000.0 [24] |
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