Parameter Identification of Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Bioprocesses Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 1

Influence of the sampling period.

Estimated parameter	“Real” value	Sampling period
		1 min	10 min	30 min
𝜃1	5.5	5.5009	5.4811	5.4798
𝜃2	1	0.9982	1.0111	1.0637
𝜃3	16	15.9110	15.9328	14.5629
𝜃4	10	10.0016	9.9707	9.9571
𝜃5	1.5	1.4938	1.4626	1.3078
𝜃6	0.2	0.2003	0.2011	0.1873
𝜃7	3	2.9823	2.9581	2.6947
𝜃8	0.2	0.2002	0.1974	0.1949
𝜃9	0.6	0.5994	0.6010	0.6188
𝜃10	0.75	0.7539	0.6754	0.6483
𝜃11	4	3.9731	3.9007	3.0265
𝜃12	20	20.3973	19.4738	20.3947
NMSE	0	3.0717e − 05	5.6623e − 04	1.2143e − 01