Analysis of Hysteresis-Free Creep of the Stack Piezoelectric Actuator

Figure 3

Creep relation with different cycles. (a) cycle 1–cycle 1; (b) cycle 2–cycle 1; (c) cycle3–cycle 1; (d) cycle 4–cycle 1; (e) cycle 5–cycle 1; (f) cycle 6–cycle 1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)