Neural Model with Particle Swarm Optimization Kalman Learning for Forecasting in Smart Grids

Table 1

Mean value (𝜇) and standard deviation (𝜎) for identification error.

	PSO-EKF	EKF	LM
𝜇	−5.6693 × 10^−6	−1.2547 × 10^−5	1.8354 × 10^−4
𝜎	0.0749	0.0807	0.0724