An 8-Node Shell Element for Nonlinear Analysis of Shells Using the Refined Combination of Membrane and Shear Interpolation Functions

Table 15

Results of hemispherical shell with 18° hole (reference solution: 𝑢_𝐴=0.093).

Element size	Normalized solutions
	𝛽𝛿𝛾	𝛽𝛿𝛾^∗	𝛽𝛿𝛾^∗6	QUAD8	QUAD8**
4×4	0.542	0.543	0.516	0.832	0.387
6×6	0.915	0.915	0.902	1.003	0.773
8×8	0.984	0.984	0.978	C*	0.950

∗The grade C means that the QUAD8 gives accuracy 20% > error > 10% (MacNeal and Harder [7]).