Hygrothermal Fracture Analysis of Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials Using 𝐽_𝑘-Integral-Based Methods

Figure 5

Deformed shape of the finite element mesh under thermal loading. 𝛾_𝑥=𝛾_𝑦=𝛾_𝑥𝑦=2, 𝜔_𝑥𝑦=𝜔_𝑥𝑧=𝜔_𝑧𝑥=𝜔_𝑧𝑦=2, 𝜆_𝑥=𝜆_𝑦=𝜆_𝑧=2.5, 𝜅_𝑥=𝜅_𝑦=𝜅_𝑧=1.5, 𝜂_𝑥=𝜂_𝑦=2.5, 𝜌_𝑥=𝜌_𝑦=1.5, ℎ_𝑐/ℎ=0.25, ℎ/𝐿=0.4, and 𝑎/𝐿=0.1.