Biogeography-Based Optimization with Orthogonal Crossover

Figure 2

(a) Convergence curves of mean fitness error values of OXBBO, OXDE, and OLPSO for functions 𝑓₁, 𝑓₂, 𝑓₃, 𝑓₄, 𝑓₅, 𝑓₇, 𝑓₈, 𝑓₉, 𝑓₁₀, and 𝑓₁₁. (b) Convergence curves of mean fitness error values of OXBBO, OXDE, and OLPSO for functions 𝑓₁₂, 𝑓₁₃, 𝑓₁₄, 𝑓₁₅, 𝑓₁₆, 𝑓₁₇, 𝑓₁₈, 𝑓₁₉, 𝑓₂₁, and 𝑓₂₂.

(a)  

(b)