Rough Set Theory Based Fuzzy TOPSIS on Serious Game Design Evaluation Framework

Table 2

Criteria of MACF evaluation model selected by experts using RST and FDM.

Criteria	Sub-criteria	Source	RST core	FDM score (DF>0.65)
				Min	Max	M	DF	Final
Meaningful learning (C3)	Active (C31)	[36, 40]	V	3	10	7.63	7.10	V
	Authentic (C32)		V	4	10	7.39	6.87	V
	Constructive (C33)		V	3	9	7.66	7.12	V
	Cooperative (C34)		V	3	8	7.11	6.35	X
	Personalized (C35)		V	4	10	8.61	8.01	V
ARCS motivation (C1)	Attention (C11)	[33]	V	2	9	7.68	7.14	V
	Relevance (C12)		V	3	10	7.33	6.82	V
	Confidence (C13)		V	2	9	7.42	6.90	V
	Satisfaction (C14)		V	2	9	7.29	6.78	V
Cognitive load (C4)	Effort rating (C41)	[41]	X
	Difficulty rating (C42)		V	5	10	8.39	7.80	V
	Response time (C43)		X
Flow (C2)	Clear goals (C21)	[34]	V	4	10	8.37	7.78	V
	Skills (C22)	[34, 44]	V	5	10	8.66	8.05	V
	Challenge (C23)	[34, 44]	V	5	10	8.21	7.64	V
	Playfulness (C24)	[45]	V	6	10	8.78	8.17	V
	Novelty (C25)	[46]	X
	Attractiveness (C26)	[47]	V	4	10	8.13	7.56	V
	Ease of use (C27)	[48]	V	5	10	8.39	7.80	V
	Interactivity (C28)	[49]	X

Note: V: selected, X: not selected, and DF: defuzzification.