Research Article

Reversible Data Hiding Scheme with High Embedding Capacity Using Semi-Indicator-Free Strategy

Table 4

Performance comparisons among Chang et al.’s [10] scheme, Yang and Lin’s [15] scheme, and the proposed scheme with various test images and codebook sizes.

ImagesChang et al.’s [10] schemeYang and Lin’s [15] schemeThe proposed scheme
Codebook sizesCodebook sizes/VQ BR
1282565121024256512128/0.438256/0.500512/0.5631024/0.625
/
2/33/33/34/3
ER
BR (in bpp)
EC (in bits)

Airplane0.1820.1490.1240.1190.2360.2080.3260.3430.2910.269
0.5800.6700.7600.8500.5000.5500.3640.4140.4420.503
27684261702460826432308942995431077372573374735448

Lena0.1790.1360.1150.0940.2340.2080.3320.3480.2750.261
0.5800.6700.7500.8300.5000.5500.3600.4100.4450.504
27164238842262620502307362995831308374103206734428

Peppers0.1870.1500.1160.1040.2440.2160.3380.3590.2870.264
0.5800.670 0.7400.8300.4900.5400.3590.4070.4400.501
28372262842259222676313463057631743382863318034677

Toys0.1950.1600.1360.1190.2540.2340.3970.3730.3320.302
0.5900.680 0.7700.8600.4800.5100.3480.4050.4260.487
30202286062746026760319123122636300395943710738529

Gold hill0.1420.1090.0840.0740.2030.1580.3060.3210.2480.232
0.590 0.680 0.750 0.830 0.540 0.640 0.3640.4150.4540.514
21928194201654816116287922650229211348662945131287

Zelda0.1790.1350.1110.0880.2500.2200.3380.3750.3080.298
0.5800.6700.7400.8200.4800.5300.3570.4010.4310.485
27258237542150618842314443063431704394623480937842