Reversible Data Hiding Scheme with High Embedding Capacity Using Semi-Indicator-Free Strategy

Table 5

Performance comparisons between Shie and Lin’s [12] scheme and the proposed scheme with various test images and codebook sizes.

Images	Shie and Lin’s [12] scheme				The proposed scheme
	Codebook sizes/VQ BR
	256/0.500	512/0.563	256/0.500	512/0.563	256/0.500	512/0.563	256/0.500	512/0.563
	d/𝑠/encoded bits				𝑁𝑧/𝑠/encoded bits
	2/5/8	2/6/9	2/8/11	2/9/12	3/5/8	3/6/9	3/7/10	3/8/11
	ER
	BR (in bpp)
	EC (in bits)
Airplane	0.383	0.342	0.499	0.438	0.466	0.451	0.550	0.522
	0.522	0.591	0.643	0.692	0.509	0.571	0.603	0.657
	52500	52998	84000	79497	62095	67494	86933	89992
Lena	0.371	0.308	0.485	0.400	0.471	0.431	0.555	0.503
	0.524	0.594	0.640	0.686	0.505	0.567	0.600	0.649
	50915	48000	81464	72000	62350	64134	87290	85512
Peppers	0.369	0.298	0.484	0.389	0.483	0.447	0.567	0.518
	0.524	0.595	0.640	0.684	0.504	0.567	0.601	0.651
	50735	46506	81176	69759	63810	66360	89334	88480
Boat	0.272	0.194	0.374	0.265	0.380	0.305	0.462	0.369
	0.533	0.605	0.621	0.664	0.509	0.573	0.587	0.631
	38015	30744	60824	46116	50775	45756	71085	61008
Sailboat	0.296	0.214	0.402	0.289	0.416	0.347	0.499	0.414
	0.531	0.604	0.625	0.668	0.509	0.571	0.594	0.638
	41235	33792	65976	50688	55515	51942	77721	69256
Gold hill	0.338	0.290	0.450	0.380	0.440	0.397	0.524	0.467
	0.527	0.596	0.634	0.683	0.503	0.566	0.592	0.641
	46695	45378	74712	68067	58110	58902	81354	78536
Zelda	0.361	0.304	0.475	0.395	0.500	0.471	0.584	0.543
	0.525	0.595	0.638	0.685	0.502	0.564	0.602	0.653
	49665	47340	79464	71010	65770	69618	92078	92824