| Methods | Info. | Architecture level | Gate level | Area no. of add., sub., and reg. | Area (um2) | Critical path delay (ns) | Throughput (Mbps) | Throughput/area (Kbps/um2) |
| Binary | (220, 0, 48) | 300284 | 12.61 | 1268 | 4225 | CSD | (88, 74, 48) | 299622 | 12.08 | 1324 | 4421 | Pako et al. [1] | (76, 22, 48) | 271357 | 15.08 | 1061 | 3910 | Jang and Yang [3] | (72, 70, 48) | 295567 | 15.27 | 1047 | 3545 | Vinod et al. [4] | (62, 34, 48) | 274025 | 14.32 | 1117 | 4077 | Choo et al. [5] | (67, 24, 48) | 259104 | 14.18 | 1128 | 4355 | Takahashi and Yokoyama [6] | (78, 22, 48) | 273902 | 15.28 | 1047 | 3823 | Mahesh and Vinod [7] | (88, 0, 48) | 255450 | 15.58 | 1271 | 4979 | Kato et al. [8] | (64, 26, 48) | 264240 | 14.46 | 1106 | 4187 | Vinod et al. [9] | (62, 34, 48) | 260976 | 14.25 | 1122 | 4303 | Our method with binary format | (66, 0, 48) | 244547 (4.3%) | 11.45 (26.5%) | 1397 (9.9%) | 5713 (14.7%) | Our method with CSD format | (23, 33, 48) | 241813 (5.3%) | 11.58 (25.7%) | 1382 (8.7%) | 5715 (14.8%) |
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