Lévy-Flight Krill Herd Algorithm

Table 2

Properties of benchmark functions, lb denotes lower bound, ub denotes upper bound, and opt denotes optimum point.

Number	Function	lb	ub	opt	Continuity	Modality
F01	Ackley	−32.768	32.768	0	Continuous	Multimodal
F02	Fletcher-Powell	−𝜋	𝜋	0	Continuous	Multimodal
F03	Griewangk	−600	600	0	Continuous	Multimodal
F04	Penalty #1	−50	50	0	Continuous	Multimodal
F05	Penalty #2	−50	50	0	Continuous	Multimodal
F06	Quartic with noise	−1.28	1.28	1	Continuous	Multimodal
F07	Rastrigin	−5.12	5.12	0	Continuous	Multimodal
F08	Rosenbrock	−2.048	2.048	0	Continuous	Unimodal
F09	Schwefel 2.26	−512	512	0	Continuous	Multimodal
F10	Schwefel 1.2	−100	100	0	Continuous	Unimodal
F11	Schwefel 2.22	−10	10	0	Continuous	Unimodal
F12	Schwefel 2.21	−100	100	0	Continuous	Unimodal
F13	Sphere	−5.12	5.12	0	Continuous	Unimodal
F14	Step	−5.12	5.12	0	Discontinuous	Unimodal